Planting was completed from late May to the first fortnight in July. Soil moisture at the time of planting was good to average. Crop developed slowly in some fields until rains came late in June. Rains came back in the first fortnight in August and improved wheat growth. Unfortunately though, some fields suffered heavy rains that washed the nutrients away.
Plant emergence and stand were adequate and crop developed properly in the fields. Farmers used less seed technology and did not fertilize much this growing season. Yellow spot and orange rust were detected with variable intensities, depending on the area and wheat variety. The most affected fields were treated.
It is estimated that variable weather conditions at grain filling partially affected yields and grain quality. Cloudy days, temperatures below average and heavy rains at late phases of grain filling negatively impacted on quality and led to starchy, low-protein wheat.
Yields were uneven and in direct relation with weather conditions and applied technology. However, overall yields were below expectations. As harvest progressed, there was a gradual drop in yield average. Yields ranged from 2,300 to 2,900 kg/h, with minimums of 1,000/1,500 kg/h and maximums of 3,500/4,000 kg/h.
Grain commercial quality also presented different test weight values and some white belly grains. Protein contents were, in most cases, below basis, due to the little N fertilization applied.
MAP OF THE SUBREGION |
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GRADE DISTRIBUTION |
FLOUR ANALYSIS | PARAMETERS | MINIMUM | MAXIMUM | AVERAGE | STANDARD DEVIATION | VARIATION COEFFICIENT | |||
MILLING | Wet Gluten (%) | 21,5 | 26,1 | 23,2 | 1,3 | 5,81 | |||
Dry Gluten (%) | 7,5 | 9,6 | 8,3 | 0,5 | 6,49 | ||||
Falling Number (sec.) | 217 | 462 | 407 | 58 | 14,30 | ||||
Flour Yield (%) | 47,0 | 51,0 | 48,6 | 1,0 | 2,05 | ||||
Ash (dry basis)(%) | 0,575 | 0,645 | 0,615 | 0,019 | 3,10 | ||||
FARINOGRAM | Water Absorption (14%H°) (%) | 53,4 | 57,3 | 56,0 | 1,1 | 1,98 | |||
Development Time (min.) | 1,5 | 11,6 | 4,4 | 3,3 | 74,23 | ||||
Stability (min.) | 1,8 | 15,1 | 6,2 | 4,3 | 69,27 | ||||
Degree of Softening (12 min.) | 49 | 134 | 77 | 25 | 32,14 | ||||
ALVEOGRAM | |||||||||
P (mm) | 58 | 81 | 75 | 6 | 7,53 | ||||
L (mm) | 69 | 110 | 83 | 11 | 13,46 | ||||
W Joules x 10-4 | 130 | 261 | 202 | 28 | 14,09 | ||||
P / L | 0,70 | 1,16 | 0,92 | 0,14 | 15,57 | ||||
These results were elaborated with 14 composite samples prepared proportionally from 323 primary samples (farmer deliveries). |
SUBREGION DATA
In this sub region the wheat production was 1.113.655 tons. the 9,9 % of the national total. Were sampled 49.000 tons, the 4,4% of the sub region production.
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | TONNAJE | GRADE | TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl) | TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%) | FOREIGN MATERIAL (%) |
SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%) | YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%) |
PROTEIN s/(MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) |
PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.) |
WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS (gr.) | ASH(dry basis) % | |
1 | Gral. Obligado | 3.670 | 3 | 80,00 | 0,66 | 0,10 | 0,44 | 32,00 | 9,2 | 10,6 | 35,85 | 1,965 | |
2 | Gral. Obligado | 2.980 | 3 | 81,20 | 0,56 | 0,10 | 0,20 | 28,50 | 8,8 | 10,2 | 34,60 | 1,794 | |
3 | 9 de Julio | 3.800 | 2 | 80,00 | 0,36 | 0,26 | 0,86 | 17.0 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 31,10 | 1,905 | |
4 | Vera | 2.450 | 2 | 78,00 | 0,62 | 0,26 | 0,72 | 24,2 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 30,55 | 1,783 | |
5 | Castellanos | 3.720 | 3 | 80,20 | 0,18 | 0,32 | 0,32 | 31,80 | 8,8 | 10,2 | 34,30 | 1,901 | |
6 | Castellanos | 3.790 | 3 | 80,10 | 0,34 | 0,12 | 0,34 | 30,10 | 9,2 | 10,6 | 33,70 | 1,875 | |
7 | Castellanos | 3.920 | 2 | 78,70 | 0,26 | 0,20 | 0,36 | 14,70 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 32,21 | 1,762 | |
8 | Castellanos | 3.660 | 2 | 79,10 | 0,60 | 0,18 | 0,56 | 20,60 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 32,44 | 1,825 | |
9 | La Capital | 3.020 | 2 | 80,20 | 0,52 | 0,20 | 0,50 | 21,80 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 32,85 | 1,824 | |
10 |
| 3.590 | 1 | 81,20 | 0,22 | 0,10 | 0,22 | 11,60 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 40,30 | 1,745 | |
11 |
| 3.800 | 2 | 81,20 | 0,68 | 0,30 | 0,26 | 17,80 | 9,4 | 10,9 | 33,80 | 1,688 | |
12 |
| 3.770 | 2 | 76,10 | 0,30 | 0,14 | 0,40 | 21,30 | 9,2 | 10,6 | 32,52 | 1,732 | |
13 |
| 2.950 | 2 | 77,40 | 0,40 | 0,30 | 0,26 | 24,00 | 9,4 | 10,9 | 29,75 | 1,924 | |
14 |
| 3.880 | 2 | 79,60 | 0,88 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 18,40 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 35,60 | 1,605 |
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | FLOUR ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER |
LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | WET GLUTEN(%) | DRY GLUTEN(%) | FALLING NUMBER (SEC.) | FLOUR YIELD(%) | FARINOGRAM | ALVEOGRAM | ASH(dry basis)(%) | |||||||
% WA (14 % H°) | T, D, (MIN,) | STABILITY (min.) | DEGREE SOFTENING(12 min.) | P | L | W | P/L | ||||||||
1 | Gral. Obligado | 21,7 | 7,8 | 217 | 49,0 | 57,3 | 1,7 | 1,8 | 119 | 70 | 92 | 198 | 0,76 | 0,615 | |
2 | Gral. Obligado | 23,0 | 7,7 | 417 | 48,0 | 56,2 | 2,0 | 6,8 | 88 | 58 | 73 | 130 | 0,79 | 0,635 | |
3 | 9 de Julio | 25,1 | 8,9 | 462 | 48,0 | 56,1 | 1,8 | 2,5 | 61 | 78 | 97 | 261 | 0,80 | 0,595 | |
4 | Vera | 21,5 | 7,9 | 419 | 48,0 | 56,0 | 1,7 | 1,9 | 68 | 81 | 81 | 228 | 1,00 | 0,625 | |
5 | Castellanos | 21,6 | 7,5 | 425 | 50,0 | 56,6 | 1,5 | 2,8 | 80 | 73 | 88 | 192 | 0,83 | 0,645 | |
6 | Castellanos | 21,7 | 7,8 | 395 | 49,0 | 55,0 | 1,8 | 2,3 | 65 | 70 | 88 | 203 | 0,80 | 0,605 | |
7 | Castellanos | 23,5 | 8,5 | 423 | 49,0 | 55,0 | 8,0 | 10,9 | 71 | 80 | 80 | 218 | 1,00 | 0,615 | |
8 | Castellanos | 23,4 | 8,3 | 409 | 51,0 | 53,4 | 11,6 | 15,1 | 49 | 77 | 69 | 195 | 1,12 | 0,575 | |
9 | La Capital | 22,5 | 8,1 | 379 | 48,0 | 57,2 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 65 | 80 | 69 | 189 | 1,16 | 0,625 | |
10 | Las Colonias | 26,1 | 9,6 | 444 | 49,0 | 57,0 | 7,8 | 9,9 | 74 | 77 | 110 | 233 | 0,70 | 0,625 | |
11 | Las Colonias | 24,1 | 8,6 | 403 | 47,0 | 56,9 | 1,7 | 3,0 | 60 | 76 | 77 | 194 | 0,99 | 0,625 | |
12 | Las Colonias | 22,6 | 8,2 | 422 | 48,0 | 56,4 | 5,6 | 6,2 | 134 | 81 | 72 | 173 | 1,13 | 0,595 | |
13 | San Cristóbal | 22,6 | 8,2 | 455 | 48,0 | 54,5 | 7,0 | 8,4 | 101 | 79 | 79 | 211 | 1,00 | 0,595 | |
14 | San Justo | 24,2 | 8,6 | 438 | 48,0 | 56,7 | 6,6 | 11,1 | 49 | 74 | 84 | 196 | 0,88 | 0,635 |