The environmental conditions during the 2020/2021 were very good for growing wheat in the subregion. Rains were adequate, resulting in high yields.
Temperatures were as expected all cycle long, leading to normal tillering and stem extension. Mid-June brought abundant rains, over 150 mm, which delayed long and intermediate cycles planting. Rains were adequate up until mid-November. Temperatures were normal at filling that lasted for 32-35 days; rains were good or very good in that period resulting in a good grain filling in low soil depth environments (with a calcareous crust or rocks) In deep soils, with good rotation practices and water accumulation along the cycle, there was no water stress. Shallow soils presented lower yields and poorer commercial quality.
Foliar diseases were important from August to November. Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) incidence was medium in susceptible varieties. Stem rust (Puccinia graminis) incidence was low by yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) incidence was high leading to one or two timely applications of chemical controls.
Deep soils with good water availability resulted in high yields, with an average of 5/ 6000 kg/h and maximums of 8500 kg/h. Yields in shallow soils, on the other hand, potential yields dropped and attained an average of 4000 kg/h, less than in 2019 due to water stress.
Protein content in most of the fields was low, below 10% (on a 13.5% humidity basis), due to the little technology applied by farmers. Commercial quality was high in almost every environment, about 80 kg/h. Test weight presented regular numbers: 30-40 gr.
Wheat Analysis
| Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test Weight (kg/hl) | 76,00 | 81,40 | 79,30 | 1,14 | 1,44 |
| Total Damaged Kernels(%) | 0,00 | 2,76 | 0,36 | 0,55 | 150,41 |
| Foreign Material(%) | 0,09 | 2,47 | 0,44 | 0,43 | 96,99 |
| Shrunken and Broken Kernels(%) | 0,04 | 0,74 | 0,31 | 0,14 | 44,40 |
| Yellow Berry Kernels(%) | 0,00 | 17,20 | 3,24 | 3,63 | 112,13 |
| Protein (13,5% Moisture)(%) | 9,3 | 11,4 | 10,1 | 0,5 | 4,90 |
| Protein(dry basis)(%) | 10,8 | 13,2 | 11,7 | 0,6 | 4,90 |
| Weight of 1000 Kernels(g) | 31,70 | 44,50 | 38,56 | 3,15 | 8,18 |
| Ash (% dry basis(%) | 1,453 | 1,763 | 1,605 | 0,079 | 4,92 |
Grade Distribution
Flour Analysis
| Parameters | Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milling |
Gluten Húmedo (%) | 18,9 | 28,4 | 23,8 | 2,2 | 9,21 |
| Gluten Seco (%) | 7,0 | 10,5 | 8,7 | 0,7 | 8,25 | |
| Falling Number (seg) | 184 | 446 | 373 | 41 | 11,04 | |
| Rto. Harina (%) | 68,7 | 75,7 | 72,5 | 2,0 | 2,81 | |
| Cenizas (s.s.s)(%) | 0,499 | 0,646 | 0,562 | 0,043 | 7,60 | |
Farinogram |
Absorción de Agua (14 % H)(%) | 50,0 | 66,8 | 55,6 | 3,8 | 6,88 |
| Tiempo de Desarrollo (min) | 1,7 | 55,3 | 11,9 | 10,6 | 89,47 | |
| Estabilidad (min) | 1,3 | 60,0 | 35,1 | 22,7 | 64,46 | |
| Aflojamiento (12 min) | 3 | 91 | 30 | 22 | 74,60 | |
Alveogram |
P (mm) | 49 | 161 | 98 | 23 | 23,24 |
| L (mm) | 42 | 94 | 62 | 14 | 22,78 | |
| W joules X 10 4 | 120 | 300 | 228 | 38 | 16,85 | |
| P / L | 0,81 | 3,74 | 1,71 | 0,71 | 41,62 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
| Sample Identification | Wheats Analysis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Tonnaje | Grade | Test Weight (Kg/hl) | Total Damaged Kernels (%) | Foreign Material (%) | Shrunken And Broken Kernels (%) | Yellow Berry Kernels (%) | Protein (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) (%) | Protein (dry basis) (%) | Weight Of 1000 Kernels (g) | Ash (dry basis) (%) |
| 400 | Olavarría | 4000 | 2 | 79,10 | 0,00 | 0,32 | 0,22 | 0,60 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 38,80 | 1,491 |
| 401 | Olavarría | 2000 | 1 | 79,20 | 0,48 | 0,58 | 0,21 | 1,12 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 39,00 | 1,608 |
| 402 | Ayacucho | 1000 | 3 | 81,40 | 0,28 | 1,18 | 0,40 | 2,62 | 9,6 | 11,1 | 40,80 | 1,618 |
| 403 | Azul | 4000 | 1 | 79,80 | 0,96 | 0,13 | 0,42 | 0,00 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 40,30 | 1,661 |
| 404 | Azul | 4000 | 1 | 80,40 | 0,06 | 0,61 | 0,24 | 3,60 | 9,4 | 10,9 | 40,90 | 1,637 |
| 405 | Azul | 4000 | 1 | 80,30 | 0,23 | 0,58 | 0,22 | 2,10 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 39,70 | 1,623 |
| 406 | Azul | 1000 | 1 | 79,50 | 0,74 | 0,39 | 0,32 | 0,00 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 38,70 | 1,593 |
| 407 | Balcarce | 4000 | 2 | 76,00 | 0,82 | 0,16 | 0,74 | 1,52 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 44,50 | 1,523 |
| 408 | Balcarce | 4000 | 1 | 78,50 | 0,00 | 0,11 | 0,16 | 0,76 | 9,4 | 10,9 | 44,50 | 1,528 |
| 409 | Balcarce | 3000 | 1 | 78,50 | 0,00 | 0,20 | 0,18 | 5,70 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 43,40 | 1,519 |
| 410 | General Alvarado | 4000 | 2 | 79,40 | 1,48 | 0,76 | 0,24 | 0,00 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 40,50 | 1,554 |
| 411 | General Alvarado | 2000 | 1 | 80,80 | 0,49 | 0,59 | 0,18 | 1,12 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 40,50 | 1,612 |
| 412 | General Pueyrredon | 4000 | 1 | 80,80 | 0,07 | 0,16 | 0,23 | 1,81 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 41,00 | 1,551 |
| 413 | Lobería | 4000 | 1 | 80,00 | 0,33 | 0,20 | 0,42 | 1,90 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 38,60 | 1,517 |
| 414 | Lobería | 4000 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,08 | 0,33 | 0,04 | 1,42 | 9,9 | 11,4 | 40,00 | 1,557 |
| 415 | Lobería | 4000 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,06 | 0,56 | 0,41 | 1,45 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 39,00 | 1,546 |
| 416 | Lobería | 4000 | 1 | 79,80 | 0,10 | 0,61 | 0,49 | 0,44 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 40,30 | 1,453 |
| 417 | Balcarce | 2000 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,12 | 0,15 | 0,20 | 2,56 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 40,20 | 1,544 |
| 418 | Necochea | 4000 | 1 | 80,20 | 0,00 | 0,09 | 0,48 | 0,46 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 39,30 | 1,725 |
| 419 | Necochea | 4000 | 1 | 79,50 | 0,20 | 2,47 | 0,08 | 1,02 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 42,90 | 1,631 |
| 420 | Necochea | 4000 | 1 | 79,10 | 0,27 | 0,33 | 0,31 | 0,32 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 40,90 | 1,521 |
| 421 | Necochea | 2000 | 1 | 80,40 | 0,23 | 0,36 | 0,28 | 1,50 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 43,10 | 1,476 |
| 500 | General Lamadrid | 4000 | 2 | 77,70 | 0,00 | 0,34 | 0,24 | 17,20 | 9,4 | 10,9 | 35,35 | 1,527 |
| 501 | General Lamadrid | 2982 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,26 | 0,34 | 0,40 | 5,80 | 9,6 | 11,1 | 35,01 | 1,763 |
| 509 | Tandil | 5637 | 2 | 80,60 | 0,16 | 0,38 | 0,40 | 7,60 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 36,80 | 1,683 |
| 510 | Tandil | 3840 | 2 | 80,35 | 0,50 | 0,40 | 0,30 | 1,40 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 36,60 | 1,709 |
| 511 | Tandil | 2700 | 3 | 79,00 | 0,60 | 1,16 | 0,40 | 3,00 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 36,70 | 1,631 |
| 512 | Tres Arroyos | 4018 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,26 | 0,20 | 0,24 | 0,80 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 37,60 | 1,723 |
| 513 | Tres Arroyos | 3996 | 2 | 77,50 | 0,88 | 0,32 | 0,24 | 6,60 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 36,50 | 1,677 |
| 514 | Tres Arroyos | 4064 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,00 | 0,26 | 0,28 | 10,40 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 36,80 | 1,643 |
| 515 | Tres Arroyos | 4080 | 2 | 80,15 | 0,28 | 0,78 | 0,42 | 2,80 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 35,10 | 1,680 |
| 516 | Tres Arroyos | 4080 | 2 | 78,15 | 2,76 | 0,20 | 0,26 | 6,80 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 35,00 | 1,534 |
| 517 | Tres Arroyos | 4080 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,28 | 0,44 | 0,22 | 7,20 | 9,9 | 11,4 | 36,90 | 1,643 |
| 518 | Tres Arroyos | 3840 | 2 | 78,35 | 0,24 | 0,18 | 0,24 | 1,60 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 35,80 | 1,643 |
| 519 | Benito Juárez | 4000 | 1 | 79,70 | 0,00 | 0,16 | 0,48 | 3,80 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 31,80 | 1,709 |
| 520 | Benito Juárez | 4000 | 2 | 77,00 | 0,06 | 0,60 | 0,30 | 2,40 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 31,70 | 1,631 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
| Sample Identification | Flour Analysis | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Milling | Farinogram | Alveogram | ||||||||||
| Wet Gluten (%) | Dry Gluten (%) | Falling Number (SEC.) | Flour Yield (%) | Ash (dry basis) (%) | % WA (14 % H°) | D. T. (min.) | Stability (min.) | Degree Softening (12 min.) | P (mm) | L (mm) | W joules x 10 | P / L | ||
| 400 | Olavarría | 21,9 | 8,1 | 380 | 72,2 | 0,519 | 51,0 | 55,3 | 60,0 | 17 | 64 | 79 | 195 | 0,81 |
| 401 | Olavarría | 24,3 | 9,0 | 417 | 75,2 | 0,611 | 52,9 | 21,4 | 53,0 | 6 | 76 | 79 | 226 | 0,96 |
| 402 | Ayacucho | 21,3 | 7,9 | 446 | 74,3 | 0,646 | 59,8 | 7,2 | 38,6 | 16 | 114 | 44 | 206 | 2,59 |
| 403 | Azul | 22,7 | 8,4 | 376 | 74,5 | 0,526 | 54,2 | 22,1 | 54,0 | 3 | 96 | 53 | 201 | 1,81 |
| 404 | Azul | 21,7 | 8,0 | 394 | 74,5 | 0,634 | 56,0 | 8,4 | 21,3 | 26 | 103 | 57 | 225 | 1,81 |
| 405 | Azul | 22,7 | 8,4 | 346 | 73,8 | 0,638 | 54,6 | 7,1 | 26,4 | 19 | 102 | 53 | 216 | 1,92 |
| 406 | Azul | 25,1 | 9,3 | 379 | 72,8 | 0,616 | 54,6 | 7,0 | 41,2 | 18 | 92 | 60 | 209 | 1,53 |
| 407 | Balcarce | 22,2 | 8,2 | 370 | 73,9 | 0,510 | 50,0 | 6,2 | 58,4 | 6 | 73 | 66 | 197 | 1,11 |
| 408 | Balcarce | 22,6 | 8,4 | 403 | 75,1 | 0,625 | 50,0 | 11,4 | 60,0 | 26 | 81 | 46 | 157 | 1,76 |
| 409 | Balcarce | 23,7 | 8,8 | 407 | 75,0 | 0,593 | 51,5 | 10,4 | 58,4 | 15 | 79 | 50 | 160 | 1,58 |
| 410 | General Alvarado | 18,9 | 7,0 | 378 | 74,5 | 0,602 | 50,0 | 7,2 | 26,3 | 31 | 49 | 60 | 120 | 0,82 |
| 411 | General Alvarado | 23,8 | 8,8 | 376 | 75,7 | 0,502 | 54,7 | 7,5 | 60,0 | 15 | 97 | 54 | 211 | 1,80 |
| 412 | General Pueyrredon | 22,6 | 8,4 | 370 | 73,4 | 0,529 | 56,4 | 10,1 | 60,0 | 11 | 102 | 55 | 219 | 1,85 |
| 413 | Lobería | 23,5 | 8,8 | 381 | 74,6 | 0,523 | 55,8 | 6,5 | 55,6 | 16 | 114 | 44 | 211 | 2,59 |
| 414 | Lobería | 22,2 | 8,2 | 390 | 73,6 | 0,527 | 51,1 | 5,5 | 60,0 | 22 | 75 | 70 | 203 | 1,07 |
| 415 | Lobería | 23,1 | 8,5 | 369 | 72,9 | 0,504 | 53,3 | 23,2 | 60,0 | 23 | 103 | 58 | 237 | 1,78 |
| 416 | Lobería | 25,2 | 9,3 | 383 | 74,0 | 0,525 | 54,0 | 9,4 | 60,0 | 5 | 88 | 76 | 247 | 1,16 |
| 417 | Balcarce | 22,8 | 8,4 | 354 | 72,1 | 0,612 | 51,7 | 5,4 | 60,0 | 28 | 81 | 69 | 215 | 1,17 |
| 418 | Necochea | 28,4 | 10,5 | 380 | 70,5 | 0,521 | 57,3 | 17,1 | 46,4 | 36 | 117 | 44 | 221 | 2,66 |
| 419 | Necochea | 21,5 | 8,0 | 368 | 75,6 | 0,556 | 51,1 | 32,1 | 60,0 | 13 | 76 | 67 | 201 | 1,13 |
| 420 | Necochea | 23,7 | 8,8 | 411 | 72,0 | 0,511 | 54,6 | 9,4 | 60,0 | 12 | 110 | 52 | 230 | 2,12 |
| 421 | Necochea | 22,3 | 8,3 | 359 | 73,8 | 0,499 | 54,4 | 32,1 | 60,0 | 15 | 101 | 55 | 224 | 1,84 |
| 500 | General Lamadrid | 20,8 | 7,5 | 370 | 71,0 | 0,534 | 53,7 | 20,7 | 36,6 | 12 | 91 | 56 | 211 | 1,63 |
| 501 | General Lamadrid | 20,4 | 7,4 | 349 | 71,2 | 0,526 | 57,0 | 14,4 | 29,9 | 13 | 119 | 42 | 211 | 2,83 |
| 509 | Tandil | 23,0 | 8,3 | 337 | 70,0 | 0,541 | 58,8 | 1,7 | 1,3 | 75 | 106 | 52 | 218 | 2,04 |
| 510 | Tandil | 26,2 | 8,8 | 341 | 73,2 | 0,588 | 58,6 | 8,7 | 13,6 | 44 | 105 | 65 | 262 | 1,62 |
| 511 | Tandil | 26,6 | 9,4 | 378 | 70,2 | 0,554 | 56,4 | 7,5 | 7,5 | 15 | 150 | 94 | 259 | 1,60 |
| 512 | Tres Arroyos | 25,5 | 9,2 | 363 | 69,0 | 0,564 | 58,0 | 8,7 | 15,3 | 36 | 100 | 73 | 268 | 1,37 |
| 513 | Tres Arroyos | 25,3 | 9,2 | 365 | 68,9 | 0,589 | 56,8 | 9,1 | 16,8 | 35 | 92 | 81 | 268 | 1,14 |
| 514 | Tres Arroyos | 27,7 | 9,9 | 428 | 69,0 | 0,598 | 57,9 | 8,7 | 14,9 | 37 | 98 | 86 | 300 | 1,14 |
| 515 | Tres Arroyos | 26,7 | 9,7 | 372 | 71,3 | 0,612 | 58,2 | 7,1 | 11,5 | 49 | 89 | 82 | 256 | 1,09 |
| 516 | Tres Arroyos | 25,3 | 9,0 | 184 | 72,9 | 0,592 | 56,1 | 2,2 | 3,4 | 91 | 82 | 84 | 265 | 0,98 |
| 517 | Tres Arroyos | 24,4 | 8,5 | 362 | 72,5 | 0,627 | 64,8 | 1,9 | 1,6 | 73 | 150 | 42 | 260 | 3,57 |
| 518 | Tres Arroyos | 26,6 | 9,3 | 420 | 72,2 | 0,578 | 58,2 | 8,2 | 15,3 | 41 | 98 | 77 | 274 | 1,27 |
| 519 | Benito Juárez | 26,7 | 9,3 | 400 | 68,7 | 0,561 | 66,8 | 2,4 | 2,1 | 72 | 161 | 43 | 290 | 3,74 |
| 520 | Benito Juárez | 25,0 | 8,7 | 401 | 71,3 | 0,537 | 56,8 | 10,0 | 19,0 | 29 | 112 | 60 | 266 | 1,87 |