The wheat planted area was 15 to 20% larger than last year. Water accumulation within the soil profile before planting was excellent. However, water excess made planting impossible in some plots. Sowing was in June and July with short and intermediate-cycle varieties. The delay in sowing date was 7 to 10 days.
Phosphate fertilizers were applied at planting. Nitrogen fertilization was used before planting or at planting/tillering. Early planted seeds set very well thanks to timely rains at the end of May and early June. In August, at tillering, water availability and mild temperatures favored a vigorous growth.
Biotic stresses represented by strong and early attacks of stripe rust roya (Pucciinia striiformis) had severe consequences on widely grown cultivars. Two and up to three fungicide applications were required to avoid relevant economic losses. Stem rust (Puccinia graminis) and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) attacks were not significant.
Tillering, stem extension and heading were under no water stress. From mid-October to end of November, rainfall was notably below average. Grain filling occurred between October 20 and November 20, with temperatures below average and mild showers. The number of grains per square meter and the test weights were very good. Harvest was under good weather conditions, from December 5 to December 15.
Average yield ranged from 4,200 to 4,450 kg/h, with peaks of 7,500 and 8.000 kg/h in specific plots. Protein content was low due to protein dilution in the grain endosperm, a consequence of high yields.
MAP OF THE SUBREGION |
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GRADE DISTRIBUTION |
| ANALISIS DE LA HARINA | ENSAYOS | MÍNIMO | MÁXIMO | PROMEDIO | DESVÍO ESTÁNDAR | COEFICIENTE VARIACIÓN | ||||||||||
MILLING | Wet Gluten (%) | 16,8 | 27,6 | 22,9 | 2,6 | 11,37 | |||||||||||
Dry Gluten (%) | 6,2 | 10,2 | 8,5 | 1,0 | 11,42 | ||||||||||||
Falling Number (seg.) | 370 | 421 | 398 | 15 | 3,80 | ||||||||||||
Flour Yield (%) | 67,3 | 72,0 | 69,9 | 1,1 | 1,59 | ||||||||||||
Ash (dry basis) (%) | 0,470 | 0,815 | 0,659 | 0,091 | 13,87 | ||||||||||||
FARINOGRAMA | Water Absorption (14 % H°) (%) | 52,1 | 61,6 | 56,9 | 2,3 | 4,03 | |||||||||||
Development Time (min,) | 2.3 | 8,0 | 3,3 | 1,1 | 33,14 | ||||||||||||
Stability (min,) | 2,9 | 23,6 | 7,4 | 4,1 | 54,90 | ||||||||||||
Degree of Softening (12 min.) | 22 | 81 | 60 | 14 | 23,18 | ||||||||||||
ALVEOGRAMA | |||||||||||||||||
P (mm) | 76 | 128 | 95 | 14 | 14,54 | ||||||||||||
L (mm) | 41 | 105 | 65 | 15 | 22,90 | ||||||||||||
W Joules x 10-4 | 154 | 328 | 225 | 32 | 14,17 | ||||||||||||
P / L | 0,74 | 3,12 | 1,47 | 0,52 | 35,35 | ||||||||||||
These results were elaborated with 26 composite samples prepared proportionally from 364 primary samples (farmer deliveries). |
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SUBREGION DATA
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | TONNAJE | GRADE | TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl) |
TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS (%) | FOREIGN MATERIAL (%) |
SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%) | YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%) |
PROTEIN (Moisture 13,5 % H°) (%) |
PROTEIN (dry basis) (%) |
WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS |
ASH(dry basis) (%) | |
200 | Chacabuco | 3000 | 2 | 83,70 | 0,04 | 0,27 | 0,51 | 3,02 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 38,41 | 1,860 | |
201 | Rojas | 4500 | 2 | 82,40 | 0,16 | 0,36 | 0,26 | 4,12 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 35,69 | 1,738 | |
202 | Rojas | 4500 | 2 | 84,85 | 0,24 | 0,32 | 0,17 | 5,20 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 35,45 | 1,771 | |
203 | Carmen de Areco | 2250 | 1 | 81,95 | 0,08 | 0,18 | 0,26 | 8,04 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 33,87 | 1,742 | |
204 | General Arenales | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,36 | 0,34 | 0,36 | 6,92 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 36,99 | 1,682 | |
205 | Junín | 4000 | 2 | 81,95 | 0,34 | 0,32 | 0,08 | 4,40 | 9,2 | 10,6 | 36,58 | 1,710 | |
206 |
Junín | 3500 | 2 | 84,40 | 0,21 | 0,24 | 0,19 | 6,94 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 35,77 | 1,674 | |
207 | Alberti | 4500 | 2 | 84,40 | 0,40 | 0,24 | 0,20 | 3,20 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 36,90 | 1,723 | |
208 | Alberti | 4500 | 2 | 81,70 | 0,26 | 0,28 | 0,16 | 0,76 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 36,98 | 1,717 | |
209 | Bragado | 4000 | 2 | 82,40 | 0,10 | 0,36 | 0,12 | 4,34 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 35,67 | 1,706 | |
210 | Bragado | 2000 | 2 | 83,95 | 0,12 | 0,38 | 0,14 | 2,08 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 36,65 | 1,753 | |
211 | Chivilcoy | 4500 | 2, | 81,50 | 0,06 | 0,24 | 0,56 | 0,94 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 34,57 | 1,792 | |
212 | Chivilcoy | 4500 | 2 | 83,05 | 0,06 | 0,22 | 0,32 | 5,72 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 33,66 | 1,715 | |
213 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 78,60 | 0,08 | 0,36 | 0,28 | 5,40 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 38,17 | 1,583 | |
214 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,16 | 0,34 | 0,28 | 4,10 | 9,6 | 11,1 | 37,37 | 1,646 | |
215 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 80,35 | 0,12 | 0,30 | 0,09 | 6,44 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 34,13 | 1,708 | |
216 | Mercedes | 750 | 2 | 82,85 | 0,12 | 0,30 | 0,09 | 6,44 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 34,13 | 1,708 | |
217 | Suipacha | 1500 | 2 | 82,85 | 0,28 | 0,26 | 0,14 | 5,12 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 33,80 | 1,667 | |
218 | Baradero | 3000 | 2 | 82,60 | 0,14 | 0,58 | 0,18 | 4,56 | 9,5 | 11,0 | 33,92 | 1,689 | |
219 | Salto | 4000 | 2 | 81,70 | 0,38 | 0,28 | 0,20 | 6,14 | 9,0 | 10,4 | 35,55 | 1,723 | |
220 | Arrecifes | 3000 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,18 | 0,38 | 0,22 | 8,62 | 8,0 | 9,2 | 33,85 | 1,687 | |
221 | San Nicolás | 1500 | 2 | 83,70 | 0,12 | 0,38 | 0,20 | 0,86 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 35,27 | 1,815 | |
222 | Capitán Sarmiento | 1500 | 1 | 82,15 | 0,36 | 0,18 | 0,20 | 6,00 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 32,79 | 1,704 | |
223 | Las Flores | 1500 | 1 | 83,05 | 0,10 | 0,14 | 0,06 | 4,04 | 9,5 | 11,0 | 34,50 | 1,713 | |
224 | General Belgrano | 1500 | 1 | 83,70 | 0,12 | 0,18 | 0,22 | 0,32 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 42,15 | 1,999 | |
225 | 25 de Mayo | 4000 | 2 | 82,40 | 0,12 | 0,26 | 0,15 | 2,32 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 40,77 | 1,813 |
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | FLOUR ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY,DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | WET GLUTEN(%) | DRY GLUTEN(%) | FALLING NUMBER (SEC.) | FLOUR YIELD(%) | FARINOGRAM | ALVEOGRAM |
ASH (dry basis)(%) | |||||||
% WA(14% H°) | T, D, (MIN.) | STABILITY (MIN.) | DEGREE SOFTENING (12 MIN.) | P | L | W | P/L | ||||||||
200 | Chacabuco | 23,0 | 9,6 | 374 | 67,93 | 58,7 | 3,7 | 11,7 | 39 | 101 | 95 | 328 | 1,06 | 0,634 | |
201 | Rojas | 22,0 | 8,2 | 392 | 68,21 | 59,6 | 2,9 | 4,3 | 47 | 128 | 41 | 222 | 3,12 | 0,583 | |
202 | Rojas | 25,4 | 9,4 | 411 | 69,73 | 57,3 | 2,9 | 7,4 | 50 | 90 | 78 | 246 | 1,15 | 0,623 | |
203 | Carmen de Areco | 18,7 | 6,9 | 413 | 72,03 | 55,2 | 2,3 | 2,9 | 81 | 98 | 43 | 173 | 2,28 | 0,648 | |
204 | General Arenales | 24,5 | 9,1 | 414 | 69,36 | 56,5 | 3,2 | 10,9 | 42 | 89 | 73 | 233 | 1,22 | 0,815 | |
205 | Junín | 21,8 | 8,1 | 402 | 71,12 | 54,8 | 3,3 | 6,5 | 65 | 84 | 62 | 202 | 1,35 | 0,548 | |
206 |
Junín | 22,1 | 8,2 | 379 | 68,9 | 55,8 | 3,4 | 6,0 | 75 | 82 | 62 | 196 | 1,32 | 0,767 | |
207 |
Alberti | 23,8 | 8,8 | 373 | 70,13 | 58,1 | 3,6 | 8,5 | 61 | 95 | 64 | 223 | 1,48 | 0,639 | |
208 | Alberti | 24,9 | 9,2 | 388 | 67,31 | 58,8 | 2,8 | 8,0 | 61 | 88 | 62 | 193 | 1,42 | 0,721 | |
209 | Bragado | 23,4 | 8,7 | 379 | 69,80 | 59,0 | 3,4 | 5,8 | 70 | 99 | 59 | 223 | 1,68 | 0,652 | |
210 | Bragado | 25,1 | 9,3 | 406 | 71,75 | 60,0 | 3,4 | 9,2 | 47 | 115 | 63 | 263 | 1,83 | 0,810 | |
211 | Chivilcoy | 23,4 | 8,7 | 390 | 69,31 | 60,7 | 3,2 | 8,4 | 56 | 115 | 50 | 224 | 2,3 | 0709 | |
212 | Chivilcoy | 25,0 | 9,3 | 404 | 69,97 | 56,4 | 3,5 | 8,4 | 50 | 91 | 70 | 228 | 1,3 | 0,748 | |
213 | 9 de Julio | 20,7 | 7,7 | 370 | 70,84 | 56,2 | 3,2 | 5,8 | 61 | 98 | 62 | 238 | 1,58 | 0,641 | |
214 | 9 de Julio | 24,6 | 9,1 | 381 | 69,72 | 54,4 | 2,7 | 6,1 | 58 | 79 | 90 | 245 | 0,88 | 0,653 | |
215 | 9 de Julio | 19,6 | 7,3 | 415 | 70,74 | 56,0 | 2,8 | 5,0 | 76 | 82 | 79 | 231 | 1,04 | 0,566 | |
216 | Mercedes | 19,8 | 7,3 | 406 | 69,92 | 55,6 | 2,8 | 5,3 | 64 | 90 | 64 | 217 | 1,41 | 0,785 | |
217 | Suipacha | 24,2 | 9,0 | 400 | 70,00 | 58,6 | 3,1 | 23,6 | 22 | 120 | 55 | 262 | 2,18 | 0,688 | |
218 | Baradero | 16,8 | 6,2 | 389 | 69,72 | 52,1 | 2,8 | 4,2 | 78 | 76 | 48 | 154 | 1,58 | 0,470 | |
219 | Salto | 19,8 | 7,3 | 394 | 71,32 | 53,3 | 3,0 | 5,3 | 73 | 79 | 67 | 207 | 1,18 | 0,552 | |
220 | Arrecifes | 23,9 | 8,8 | 421 | 69,44 | 57,1 | 2,3 | 4,8 | 73 | 99 | 61 | 223 | 1,62 | 0,661 | |
221 | San Nicolás | 20,1 | 7,4 | 421 | 70,28 | 57,2 | 2,6 | 3,8 | 77 | 99 | 54 | 210 | 1,83 | 0,582 | |
222 | Capitán Sarmiento | 21,4 | 7,9 | 408 | 69,69 | 53,8 | 3,1 | 4,9 | 64 | 89 | 63 | 224 | 1,41 | 0,540 | |
223 | Las Flores | 26,4 | 9,8 | 415 | 70,69 | 58,3 | 5,2 | 10,2 | 52 | 78 | 105 | 254 | 0,74 | 0,571 | |
224 | General Belgrano | 23,2 | 8,6 | 406 | 68,33 | 55,4 | 2,5 | 3,8 | 74 | 88 | 62 | 208 | 1,42 | 0,791 | |
225 | 25 de Mayo | 27,6 | 10,2 | 402 | 70,37 | 61,6 | 8,0 | 11,7 | 54 | 117 | 50 | 225 | 2,34 | 0,731 |