Trigo Argentino

SUBREGION II SOUTH

BACKGROUND FOR THE CROP

Wheat acreage was similar to that of the previous growing season. Many plots could not be planted due to weather conditions and excess water in the soil. This year was defined as EL NIÑO year. Accumulated rainfall featured historical records in most of the sub region. Water accumulation within the soil profile before planting was excellent (900 mm). Water ponded in some areas in the fall months. Rainfall excess before planting might have washed out the land or caused nitrogen leaching.

Planting was in June and July. Phosphate fertilizers were applied at planting. Nitrogen fertilization was used before planting or at planting/tillering.

Air temperatures were above historical averages, which led to rapid seedling and good crop growth; plants were not damaged by low temperatures.

Mid September, when booting starts, rainfall provided the required moisture. Booting, flowering and tassel formation took 7 days less than usual. Air temperatures were above-average, which accelerated development phases of the most widely cultivated cultivars. Grain filling was from October 20 to November 20, under heavy rainfall.

Attacks of Puccinia triticina caused wheat leaf rust and Puccinia graminis caused stem rust, mostly on susceptible germplasm. These attacks occurred early and led to significant yield losses in affected plots. There were not any significant Fusarium graminearum attacks.

Harvest was ten days earlier and under excellent weather conditions, with no rains and no extreme weather either. Average yields in the north of the region ranged from 3,200 to 3,800 kg/ha; to the south, yields ranged from 3,500 to 4,500 kg/ha.

Grain commercial quality was affected by a very low protein content (below 9.5%) and text weights were also below standard.

MAP OF THE SUBREGION

RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES

WHEAT ANALYSIS		PARAMETERS	MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
		Test Weight (kg/hl)	77,70	82,60	80,27	1,32	1,64
		Total Damaged Kernels (%)	0,04	0,88	0,28	0,19	65,81
		Foreign Material (%)	0,06	1,70	0,29	0,29	99,24
		Shrunken and Broken Kernels (%)	0,14	1,22	0,46	0,22	48,12
		Yellow Berry Kernels (%)	0,00	6,02	1,49	1,40	93,56
		Protein (13,5% Moisture) (%)	9,5	11,9	10,5	0,5	4,86
		Protein (S.S.S) (%)	11,0	13,8	12,1	0,5	4,86
		Weight of 1000 Kernels (gr.)	29,39	39,05	33,13	1,87	5,64
		Ash (% dry basis)(%)	1,610	1,967	1,729	0,076	4,37
	Total damaged kernels includes 0,03% frosty kernels, 0,06% sprouted kernels, 0,08% calcinated kernels, 0,11% insect chewed kernels and 0,09%germ-chewed kernel.

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

FLOUR ANALYSIS	PARAMETERS		MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
	MILLING	Wet Gluten (%)	21,0	32,4	24,6	2,7	10,88
		Dry Gluten (%)	7,8	12,0	9,1	1,0	10,87
		Falling Number (seg.)	338	478	411	28	6,70
		Flour Yield (%)	68,8	74,1	72,2	1,3	1,87
		Ash (dry basis) (%)	0,469	0,713	0,627	0,627	9,23
	FARINOGRAM	Water Absorption (14 % H°) (%)	55,4	60,3	57,5	1,2	2,11
		Development Time(min.)	1,7	20,0	8,6	5,9	68,10
		Stability (min.)	2,1	35,1	18,7	7,6	40,45
		Degree of Softening (12 min.)	9	86	32	14	45,19
		P (mm)	82	125	104	11	10,76
	ALVEOGRAM
		L (mm)	43	85	64	12	18,36
		W Joules x 10^-4	206	333	253	30	11,72
		P / L	0,96	2,72	1,64	0,49	29,77
	These results were elaborated with 33 composite samples prepared proportionally from 547 primary samples (farmer deliveries).

SUBREGION DATA

In this sub region the wheat production was 1.951.713 tons., the 14,1 % of the national total. Were sampled 105.000 tons., the 5,4 % of the sub region production.

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		WHEAT ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	TONNAJE	GRADE	TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl)	TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%)	FOREIGN MATERIAL (%)	SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%)	YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%)	PROTEIN (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°)	PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.)	WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS	ASH(dry basis) %
200	Carmen de Areco	2000	1	80,60	0,58	0,12	0,42	0,70	11,0	12,7	39,05	1,731
201	Gral. Arenales	4000	2	81,40	0,24	0,18	0,58	1,02	10,8	12,5	31,31	1,835
202	Chacabuco	2000	1	79,45	0,88	0,14	0,34	1,58	11,0	12,7	35,34	1,967
203	Chacabuco	4000	1	80,15	0,16	0,18	0,42	0,34	10,7	12,4	31,20	1,648
204	Rojas	4000	1	81,50	0,36	0,10	0,40	0,20	10,9	12,6	32,51	1,837
205	Rojas	2000	2	80,80	0,34	0,26	0,36	1,20	11,6	13,4	32,61	1,831
206	San Andres de Giles	4000	2	79,25	0,34	0,26	0,14	0,52	9,7	11,2	31,97	1,740
207	Junín	4000	2	81,05	0,20	0,14	0,56	4,28	10,5	12,1	34,52	1,739
208	Junín	4000	3	77,90	0,32	0,96	0,52	2,24	11,0	12,7	31,20	1,803
209	Chivilcoy	4000	2	78,60	0,58	0,18	0,42	0,00	11,0	12,7	32,22	1,764
210	Alberti	2000	1	80,80	0,30	0,14	0,22	6,02	10,7	12,4	34,57	1,891
211	9 de Julio	4000	2	90,15	0,18	0,34	0,38	0,68	10,6	12,3	33,63	1,691
212	Bragado	4000	1	81,25	0,26	0,28	0,44	1,64	10,5	12,1	33,38	1,708
213	Daireaux	4000	2	80,80	0,40	0,30	0,52	0,92	10,4	12,0	31,55	1,721
214	Bolívar	4000	2	81,95	0,14	0,28	0,86	3,96	10,0	11,6	33,87	1,775
215	Hipólito Yrigoyen	2000	2	79,45	0,36	0,06	0,52	0,48	10,7	12,4	35,24	1,680
216	Gral. Villegas	4000	1	80,15	0,08	0,17	0,36	2,50	10,2	11,8	34,73	1,680
217	Gral. Villegas	4000	1	80,35	0,09	0,18	0,40	3,16	10,1	11,7	33,18	1,683
218	Lincoln	4000	3	77,70	0,04	0,84	1,22	2,88	10,0	11,6	29,39	1,787
219	Lincoln	4000	2	78,15	0,24	0,46	0,40	0,00	10,9	12,6	30,79	1,757
220	Leandro N. Alem	4000	1	80,35	0,46	0,14	0,16	2,04	11,9	13,8	32,60	1,684
221	Salto	3000	2	77,90	0,10	0,08	0,38	3,40	9,9	11,4	32,18	1,775
222	Arrecífes	2000	2	80,35	0,08	0,26	0,48	1,52	10,1	11,7	31,92	1,680
223	Baradero	1000	2	82,60	0,20	0,28	0,56	0,70	10,4	12,0	31,50	1,770
224	San Pedro	2000	F/E	79,45	0,32	1,70	0,80	2,10	10,1	11,7	31,43	1,771
225	Carlos Tejedor	4000	2	80,60	0,22	0,06	0,56	0,78	10,4	12,0	34,48	1,616
226	Carlos Casares	4000	1	80,80	0,66	0,10	0,26	0,00	11,0	12,7	33,95	1,682
227	Trenque Lauquen	4000	2	82,15	0,19	0,42	0,18	0,50	10,1	11,7	36,21	1,650
228	Pehuajó	4000	2	80,15	0,52	0,22	0,32	1,02	10,5	12,1	33,77	1,610
229	Saladillo	2000	2	80,15	0,04	0,18	0,58	0,00	9,6	11,1	31,71	1,685
230	25 de Mayo	3000	1	81,95	0,04	0,14	0,48	0,00	10,5	12,1	34,96	1,614
231	Lobos	1000	2	82,40	0,20	0,16	0,50	2,23	10,6	12,3	35,40	1,708
232	San Miguel del Monte	1000	2	80,15	0,22	0,36	0,80	1,58	9,5	11,0	32,77	1,783

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		WHEAT ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEG,)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	FARINOGRAM				ALVEOGRAM				ASH(dry basis)(%)
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEG,)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	% AA (14 % H°)	T, D, (MIN,)	STABILITY (MIN,)	DEGREE SOFTENING(12 MIN,)	P	L	W	P/L	ASH(dry basis)(%)
200	Carmen de Areco	26,0	9,6	380	72,7	58,7	2,3	15,2	23	89	85	268	1,05	0,666
201	Gral. Arenales	31,7	11,7	377	71,2	58,5	18,6	28,9	24	105	84	326	1,25	0,684
202	Chacabuco	32,4	12,0	389	71,5	59,0	16,5	23,7	34	115	73	333	1,58	0,683
203	Chacabuco	26,7	9,9	369	73,4	55,7	20,0	34,2	20	106	64	275	1,66	0,694
204	Rojas	29,0	10,7	478	71,2	59,1	2,0	11,5	39	107	74	298	1,45	0,643
205	Rojas	29,6	11,0	338	72,4	59,3	4,8	21,5	9	117	68	305	1,72	0,713
206	San Andres de Giles	23,5	8,7	420	73,9	56,6	1,7	2,1	86	95	62	242	1,53	0,623
207	Junín	22,7	8,4	390	71,6	58,7	12,6	15,8	47	98	67	242	1,46	0,702
208	Junín	27,2	10,1	400	71,0	56,5	20,0	35,1	19	104	67	280	1,55	0,546
209	Chivilcoy	23,8	8,8	415	73,9	57,6	11,7	17,8	42	82	85	245	0,96	0,695
210	Alberti	23,6	8,7	401	71,8	57,2	10,5	14,8	48	82	84	243	0,98	0,559
211	9 de Julio	24,3	9,0	395	73,1	57,1	4,5	19,0	22	96	71	250	1,35	0,628
212	Bragado	23,9	8,9	405	72,2	56,6	3,5	18,5	28	101	62	246	1,63	0,559
213	Daireaux	23,9	8,9	417	68,9	57,4	15,3	21,1	36	98	72	267	1,36	0,620
214	Bolívar	22,2	8,2	441	68,8	57,8	9,6	14,4	37	93	61	211	1,52	0,704
215	Hipólito Yrigoyen	23,9	8,8	436	70,0	57,8	14,0	19,8	42	99	70	264	1,41	0,558
216	Gral. Villegas	22,7	8,4	386	72,1	57,3	18,1	26,3	27	122	47	239	2,60	0,613
217	Gral. Villegas	22,4	8,3	414	72,7	57,1	10,1	20,5	28	125	46	237	2,72	0,574
218	Lincoln	21,4	7,9	436	72,0	57,1	4,5	14,7	34	115	45	206	2,56	0,619
219	Lincoln	23,7	8,8	416	72,3	55,8	6,4	22,1	10	97	67	249	1,45	0,529
220	Leandro N. Alem	26,7	9,9	437	72,4	60,3	2,0	3,7	39	114	58	263	1,97	0,678
221	Salto	21,8	8,1	395	72,5	56,0	6,3	27,4	17	113	58	265	1,95	0,469
222	Arrecífes	23,6	8,7	401	71,7	57,7	6,1	21,2	15	118	53	249	2,23	0,653
223	Baradero	22,6	8,4	386	73,5	55,9	4,7	18,7	32	111	48	227	2,31	0,567
224	San Pedro	21,0	7,8	452	71,9	55,4	3,7	18,1	34	104	64	266	1,63	0,605
225	Carlos Tejedor	23,0	8,5	416	71,9	58,2	4,3	14,1	35	107	54	228	1,98	0,597
226	Carlos Casares	26,0	9,6	396	74,1	58,5	5,0	16,1	27	95	71	254	1,34	0,678
227	Trenque Lauquen	24,4	9,0	425	73,7	59,4	4,5	15,6	30	120	55	253	2,18	0,619
228	Pehuajó	22,4	8,3	460	72,5	57,2	4,4	12,5	35	95	58	218	1,64	0,595
229	Saladillo	25,3	9,4	385	73,5	57,1	9,9	16,2	40	84	78	231	1,08	0,652
230	25 de Mayo	23,6	8,7	416	74,0	56,0	6,1	25,1/td>	18	114	43	209	2,65	0,661
231	Lobos	24,8	9,2	369	72,5	59,0	5,1	17,2	2465	111	53	231	2,09	0,667
232	San Miguel del Monte	21,2	7,8	405	73,6	55,8	4,6	12,0	38	113	43	207	2,63	0,649