Trigo Argentino

SUBREGION II SOUTH

BACKGROUND FOR THE CROP

Water excess prevented wheat planting in some fields.

Accumulated rains were above historical levels but not as high as record rains in 2014. In the fall, water accumulation within the soil profile before planting was excellent.

Planting was completed in June and July. Short and mainly long cycle wheat was planted. Planting completion was delayed in some areas because soil moisture was not adequate to foster seedling.

Phosphate fertilizers were applied at planting. Nitrogen fertilization was used before planting or at planting/tillering. In June and August, ambient temperatures were above historical averages, which led to rapid seedling and good crop growth; no cold temperatures could damage the developing wheat.

Tillering was under heavy rains in most of the region: most N was washed away and little remained for the crop.

At booting and flowering, temperatures were below average, and plant tassels came out 7 to 10 days later than usual. Flowering was under no rain conditions, but grain filling (Oct 20 to November 20) was under moderate rain and low temperatures.

Attacks of Puccinia triticina caused wheat leaf rust and Puccinia graminis caused stem rust, mostly on susceptible germplasm varieties. These attacks were severe, especially during grain filling. Bad pest management practices due to lack of knowledge led to significant losses in some fields. There were not any significant Fusarium graminearum attacks.

Harvest was completed under excellent weather conditions, no rains. It started by December 5 and ended on the 15th.

Yields were uneven due to infestations in susceptible cultivars, excess rains and nutrients washing at grain filling. Average yields in the north of the region ranged from 3,200 to -3,800 kg/ha; to the south, yields ranged from 3,500 to -4,500 kg/ha.

Grain commercial quality ranged from average to poor. The crop presented low protein content and low test weight. Some fields yielded grain of unacceptable quality or grain that suffered strong discounts.

MAP OF THE SUBREGION

RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES

WHEAT ANALYSIS		PARAMETERS	MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
		Test Weight (kg/hl)	76,35	82,40	79,60	1,59	2,00
		Total Damaged Kernels (%)	0,07	0,64	0,26	0,14	52,40
		Foreign Material (%)	0,06	0,70	0,30	0,17	56,58
		Shrunken and Broken Kernels (%)	0,10	0,62	0,32	0,15	47,57
		Yellow Berry Kernels (%)	0,00	6,34	2,99	1,69	56,54
		Protein (13,5% Moisture) (%)	8,5	11,0	9,9	0,5	4,86
		Protein (S.S.S) (%)	9,8	12,7	11,5	0,5	4,86
		Weight of 1000 Kernels (gr.)	28,54	37,06	33,73	1,74	5,14
		Ash (% dry basis)(%)	1,539	1,864	1,689	0,084	4,99
	Total damaged kernels includes, 0,04% green kernels, 0,01% frosty kernels, 0,03% sprouted kernels, 0,07% calcinated and 0,11 % insect chewed kernels.

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

FLOUR ANALYSIS	PARAMETERS		MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
	MILLING	Wet Gluten (%)	16,7	24,9	21,3	1,8	8,36
		Dry Gluten (%)	6,2	9,2	7,9	0,7	8,40
		Falling Number (sec.)	346	559	417	47	11,35
		Flour Yield (%)	63,0	63,0	63,0	0,0	0,00
		Ash (dry basis) (%)	0,509	0,646	0,557	0,032	5,78
	FARINOGRAM	Water Absorption (14 % H°) (%)	50,8	56,3	53,9	1,4	2,62
		Development Time(min.)	2,8	20,0	12,4	7,6	61,28
		Stability (min.)	5,5	59,2	34,0	16,3	47,95
		Degree of Softening (12 min.)	0	53	19	16	85,95
	ALVEOGRAM
		P (mm)	63	120	97	15	15,05
		L (mm)	33	75	52	13	25,68
		W Joules x 10^-4	138	266	205	37	18,06
		P / L	0,84	3,64	2,03	0,71	34,99
	These results were elaborated with 23 composite samples prepared proportionally from 300 primary samples (farmer deliveries).

SUBREGION DATA

In this sub region the wheat production was 1.665.706 tons., the 14,8 % of the national total. Were sampled 79.000 tons., the 4,7 % of the sub region production.

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		WHEAT ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	TONNAJE	GRADE	TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl)	TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%)	FOREIGN MATERIAL (%)	SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%)	YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%)	PROTEIN (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°)	PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.)	WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS	ASH(dry basis) %
200	General Arenales	4000	1	81,70	0,24	0,18	0,24	4,42	11,0	12,7	35,8	1,786
201	Rojas	4000	1	79,45	0,08	0,16	0,20	2,06	9,4	10,9	32,4	1,787
202	Junín	2000	2	81,7	0,20	0,34	0,32	3,46	10,1	11,7	34,0	1,864
203	Chacabuco	4000	2	81,05	0,23	0,70	0,18	4,30	10,5	12,1	36,1	1,764
204	San Andrés de Giles	2000	2	79,25	0,28	0,36	0,62	4,82	9,3	10,8	29,5	1,712
205	Bragado	4000	2	79,9	0,07	0,42	0,20	3,92	9,7	11,2	32,51	1,595
206	Alberti	4000	2	81,95	0,30	0,52	0,12	4,30	9,9	11,4	36,18	1,712
207	9 de Julio	4000	2	78,6	0,64	0,16	0,38	0,5	9,2	10,6	33,39	1,539
208	Chivilcoy	4000	2	77,45	0,29	0,42	0,54	4,28	10,1	11,7	33,01	1,812
209	Suipacha	1000	2	77,25	0,16	0,40	0,52	4,9	8,5	9,8	28,54	1,700
210	Bolívar	4000	1	80,35	0,42	0,1	0,28	2,92	9,6	11,1	35,8	1,667
211	Daireaux	4000	2	82,4	0,18	0,42	0,48	1,38	10,5	12,1	37,06	1,606
212	Hipólito Yrigoyen	2000	2	76,8	0,12	0,32	0,38	0,92	9,7	11,2	32,54	1,593
213	General Villegas	4000	1	80,35	0,26	0,18	0,44	3,00	9,8	11,3	33,04	1,808
214	General Villegas	4000	2	79,45	0,52	0,18	0,56	5,2	10,2	11,8	33,87	1,700
215	General Villegas	4000	2	79,70	0,28	0,12	0,56	3,74	10,0	11,6	33,06	1,710
216	Lincoln	4000	2	78,35	0,22	0,34	0,38	0,94	10,4	12,0	32,19	1,674
217	Lincoln	2000	2	76,35	0,20	0,50	0,34	2,04	9,3	10,8	31,39	1,697
218	Leandro N. Alem	4000	2	77,25	0,28	0,36	0,10	2,88	10,2	11,8	32,63	1,691
219	General Pinto	4000	2	79,45	0,10	0,32	0,30	0,86	9,5	11,0	33,74	1,563
220	Florentino Ameghino	2000	2	79,25	0,10	0,50	0,20	0,00	10,5	12,1	34,27	1,685
221	Rivadavia	4000	2	78,15	0,29	0,06	0,12	1,12	10,0	11,6	33,23	1,602
222	Rivadavia	4000	1	80,6	0,32	0,10	0,24	6,34	9,6	11,1	34,21	1,638

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		FLOUR ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEC.)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	FARINOGRAM				ALVEOGRAM				ASH(dry basis)(%)
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEC.)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	% WA(14% H°)	T, D, (MIN.)	STABILITY (MIN.)	DEGREE SOFTENING (12 MIN.)	P	L	W	P/L	ASH(dry basis)(%)
200	General Arenales	24,9	9,2	382	63	56,1	11,7	35,4	20	97	71	266	1,37	0,590
201	Rojas	18,6	6,9	370	63	52,4	3,9	10,8	43	88	48	178	1,83	0,570
202	Junín	22,2	8,2	378	63	54,2	6,3	23,1	13	83	72	233	1,15	0,584
203	Chacabuco	23,2	8,6	397	63	56,1	20,0	46,3	17	120	49	254	2,45	0,606
204	San Andrés de Giles	19,6	7,3	382	63	51,0	6,1	33,5	27	86	53	190	1,62	0,531
205	Bragado	20,8	7,7	393	63	54,5	3,5	23,1	32	93	61	222	1,52	0,549
206	Alberti	21,2	7,9	407	63	54,2	4,0	22,1	22	84	71	230	1,18	0,550
207	9 de Julio	18,9	7,0	378	63	54,4	2,8	5,5	53	98	38	164	2,58	0,525
208	Chivilcoy	22,1	8,2	405	63	53,6	4,5	20,3	25	78	56	176	1,39	0,586
209	Suipacha	16,7	6,2	318	63	50,8	3,8	8,8	45	98	35	153	2,8	0,538
210	Bolívar	22,0	8,2	402	63	54,4	6,8	11,9	52	63	75	164	0,84	0,646
211	Daireaux	24,1	8,9	471	63	56,3	3,8	17,2	15	95	68	247	1,4	0,581
212	Hipólito Yrigoyen	19,5	7,2	409	63	51,4	20	59	0	100	44	195	2,27	0,545
213	General Villegas	21,4	7,9	426	63	54,2	20	54	2	113	41	202	2,76	0,547
214	General Villegas	22,1	8,2	454	63	54,3	20	46,5	3	116	42	216	2,76	0,556
215	General Villegas	21,4	7,9	390	63	53,3	20	59,2	4	112	45	219	2,49	0,549
216	Lincoln	22,8	8,5	436	63	53,6	5,8	32,9	14	105	37	175	2,84	0,547
217	Lincoln	18,4	6,8	346	63	50,9	20	48,2	1	81	38	138	2,13	0,509
218	Leandro N. Alem	21,3	7,9	402	63	53,5	20	50,1	9	120	33	182	3,64	0,534
219	General Pinto	19,6	7,2	424	63	51,9	20	50,8	8	92	61	233	1,51	0,521
220	Florentino Ameghino	22,8	8,5	380	63	55,2	20	49,2	6	104	65	266	1,60	0,567
221	Rivadavia	20,7	7,7	559	63	53,1	20	36,8	5	103	55	237	1,87	0,524
222	Rivadavia	19,5	7,2	501	63	53,7	20	39,4	8	88	35	138	2,51	0,524