At planting, in early June, soil moisture level was adequate. No precipitations at the time of planting allowed it to be completed quickly and on the right date. At booting, there was limited water availability. Early September brought abundant rains that favored crop growing but could have washed the soil profile, which stimulated N fertilization. Water in the soil started to deplete; one of the longest droughts ever recorded affected wheat. Drought started at grain filling in the long-cycle cultivars and approximately a week before heading in the short-cycle cultivars. There were some high-temperature weeks with no rains, particularly the last week of October with highs above average in several places. Drought and high temperatures favored early harvesting. Harvest ended by end of December. Plots close to some green bridge were affected by the wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) caused by Aceria tosichella, but yellow rust was predominant.
High temperatures in this growing season were no obstacle to attain high yield potentials. The gluten/protein ratio was another peculiarity of this season. This ratio was particularly low probably because the drought shortened the grain filling process.
Wheat Analysis
Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Weight (kg/hl) | 75,20 | 81,50 | 79,14 | 1,39 | 1,76 |
Total Damaged Kernels(%) | 0,00 | 5,03 | 0,71 | 1,12 | 156,86 |
Foreign Material(%) | 0,08 | 0,90 | 0,37 | 0,19 | 52,03 |
Shrunken and Broken Kernels(%) | 0,04 | 0,76 | 0,28 | 0,15 | 53,23 |
Yellow Berry Kernels(%) | 0,00 | 8,20 | 2,55 | 1,83 | 71,78 |
Protein (13,5% Moisture)(%) | 9,1 | 11,5 | 10,3 | 0,6 | 5,33 |
Protein(dry basis)(%) | 10,5 | 13,3 | 11,9 | 0,6 | 5,33 |
Weight of 1000 Kernels(g) | 32,13 | 39,82 | 36,00 | 1,93 | 5,36 |
Ash (% dry basis(%) | 1,470 | 1,797 | 1,623 | 0,078 | 4,78 |
Flour Analysis
Parameters | Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milling |
Gluten Húmedo (%) | 19,1 | 28,6 | 23,7 | 2,2 | 9,38 |
Gluten Seco (%) | 7,1 | 9,7 | 8,3 | 0,6 | 6,95 | |
Falling Number (seg) | 294 | 483 | 394 | 39 | 9,84 | |
Rto. Harina (%) | 61,3 | 76,4 | 71,5 | 3,5 | 4,93 | |
Cenizas (s.s.s)(%) | 0,448 | 0,681 | 0,578 | 0,054 | 9,27 | |
Farinogram |
Absorción de Agua (14 % H)(%) | 0,0 | 64,0 | 56,0 | 7,2 | 12,85 |
Tiempo de Desarrollo (min) | 0,0 | 50,4 | 19,3 | 14,5 | 75,33 | |
Estabilidad (min) | 16,9 | 60,0 | 35,3 | 14,9 | 42,34 | |
Aflojamiento (12 min) | 2 | 45 | 22 | 11 | 50,74 | |
Alveogram |
P (mm) | 61 | 155 | 96 | 19 | 19,78 |
L (mm) | 33 | 92 | 61 | 12 | 19,97 | |
W joules X 10 4 | 160 | 280 | 223 | 31 | 14,01 | |
P / L | 0,77 | 3,82 | 1,68 | 0,69 | 41,16 |
Grade Distribution
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Wheats Analysis | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Tonnaje | Grade | Test Weight (Kg/hl) | Total Damaged Kernels (%) | Foreign Material (%) | Shrunken And Broken Kernels (%) | Yellow Berry Kernels (%) | Protein (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) (%) | Protein (dry basis) (%) | Weight Of 1000 Kernels (g) | Ash (dry basis) (%) |
400 | Ayacucho | 3000 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,92 | 0,29 | 0,33 | 0,00 | 9,3 | 10,8 | 38,92 | 1,520 |
401 | General Pueyrredon | 4000 | 4 | 78,40 | 5,03 | 0,15 | 0,30 | 0,00 | 9,9 | 11,4 | 37,80 | 1,591 |
402 | General Alvarado | 4000 | 3 | 77,60 | 2,90 | 0,11 | 0,19 | 0,00 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 37,82 | 1,534 |
403 | General Alvarado | 4000 | 2 | 78,60 | 0,40 | 0,16 | 0,28 | 2,28 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 38,62 | 1,542 |
404 | Castelli | 1000 | 1 | 79,30 | 0,34 | 0,08 | 0,19 | 2,22 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 37,16 | 1,665 |
405 | Azul | 4500 | 3 | 75,20 | 0,32 | 0,44 | 0,20 | 1,51 | 9,9 | 11,4 | 33,62 | 1,695 |
406 | Azul | 4500 | 2 | 77,80 | 1,32 | 0,21 | 0,33 | 2,15 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 36,14 | 1,595 |
407 | Lobería | 4000 | 2 | 80,40 | 0,31 | 0,24 | 0,04 | 0,78 | 9,1 | 10,5 | 39,80 | 1,563 |
408 | Lobería | 4000 | 2 | 78,10 | 3,00 | 0,39 | 0,12 | 2,80 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 36,44 | 1,568 |
409 | Lobería | 4000 | 3 | 78,20 | 2,46 | 0,23 | 0,19 | 2,34 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 37,30 | 1,531 |
410 | Balcarce | 4000 | 2 | 79,10 | 1,54 | 0,08 | 0,20 | 1,06 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 37,84 | 1,693 |
411 | Balcarce | 4000 | 2 | 78,10 | 1,84 | 0,57 | 0,46 | 2,05 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 39,82 | 1,507 |
412 | Balcarce | 4000 | 3 | 78,40 | 2,11 | 0,74 | 0,19 | 2,44 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 36,38 | 1,620 |
413 | Necochea | 4000 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,67 | 0,57 | 0,32 | 1,96 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 37,36 | 1,569 |
414 | Necochea | 4000 | 2 | 79,40 | 0,11 | 0,37 | 0,11 | 4,87 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 37,56 | 1,661 |
415 | Necochea | 2000 | 2 | 79,80 | 0,28 | 0,24 | 0,28 | 6,30 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 38,06 | 1,646 |
416 | Olavarría | 5000 | 2 | 78,40 | 0,14 | 0,17 | 0,14 | 3,70 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 38,74 | 1,608 |
500 | Benito Juárez | 3820 | 2 | 78,15 | 0,88 | 0,34 | 0,16 | 3,20 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 33,89 | 1,750 |
501 | Benito Juárez | 1184 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,00 | 0,34 | 0,12 | 0,60 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 32,40 | 1,716 |
502 | General Lamadrid | 4082 | 2 | 77,70 | 0,00 | 0,34 | 0,24 | 1,60 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 34,00 | 1,797 |
503 | General Lamadrid | 3690 | 2 | 77,25 | 0,16 | 0,58 | 0,18 | 3,60 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 32,54 | 1,759 |
504 | General Lamadrid | 2500 | 2 | 79,25 | 0,12 | 0,38 | 0,32 | 3,40 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 35,64 | 1,636 |
505 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 4000 | 2 | 79,25 | 0,14 | 0,20 | 0,76 | 3,80 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 34,70 | 1,716 |
506 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 4000 | 2 | 79,45 | 0,00 | 0,34 | 0,24 | 7,20 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 36,00 | 1,668 |
507 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 3660 | 1 | 78,15 | 0,18 | 0,34 | 0,30 | 1,60 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 33,79 | 1,653 |
508 | Laprida | 1560 | 2 | 79,25 | 0,06 | 0,52 | 0,24 | 8,20 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 36,34 | 1,558 |
509 | San Cayetano | 4010 | 1 | 80,35 | 0,06 | 0,16 | 0,22 | 4,20 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 35,10 | 1,600 |
510 | San Cayetano | 3940 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,14 | 0,34 | 0,58 | 1,20 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 35,54 | 1,625 |
511 | Tandil | 4139 | 2 | 80,35 | 0,00 | 0,46 | 0,24 | 0,80 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 35,05 | 1,744 |
512 | Tandil | 4240 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,00 | 0,44 | 0,52 | 4,20 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 32,13 | 1,713 |
513 | Tandil | 4143 | 2 | 80,35 | 0,00 | 0,72 | 0,48 | 5,80 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 34,15 | 1,660 |
514 | Tres Arroyos | 4000 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,26 | 0,46 | 0,58 | 2,60 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 35,64 | 1,626 |
515 | Tres Arroyos | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,06 | 0,26 | 0,22 | 4,40 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 35,98 | 1,549 |
516 | Tres Arroyos | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,28 | 0,30 | 0,24 | 3,80 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 35,32 | 1,553 |
517 | Tres Arroyos | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,06 | 0,64 | 0,28 | 1,20 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 35,40 | 1,540 |
518 | Tres Arroyos | 4022 | 2 | 78,15 | 0,00 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 35,05 | 1,677 |
519 | Tres Arroyos | 3968 | 2 | 79,45 | 0,12 | 0,34 | 0,16 | 2,60 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 35,53 | 1,598 |
520 | Tres Arroyos | 4012 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,12 | 0,46 | 0,30 | 0,00 | 11,5 | 13,3 | 33,68 | 1,623 |
521 | Tandil | 4010 | 3 | 81,50 | 0,00 | 0,90 | 0,28 | 1,80 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 36,19 | 1,470 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Flour Analysis | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Milling | Farinogram | Alveogram | ||||||||||
Wet Gluten (%) | Dry Gluten (%) | Falling Number (SEC.) | Flour Yield (%) | Ash (dry basis) (%) | % WA (14 % H°) | D. T. (min.) | Stability (min.) | Degree Softening (12 min.) | P (mm) | L (mm) | W joules x 10 | P / L | ||
400 | Ayacucho | 20,7 | 7,7 | 411 | 72,7 | 0,604 | 54,0 | 5,1 | 27,2 | 13 | 76 | 60 | 177 | 1,27 |
401 | General Pueyrredon | 22,1 | 8,2 | 386 | 69,8 | 0,537 | 54,2 | 5,2 | 35,2 | 16 | 91 | 58 | 208 | 1,57 |
402 | General Alvarado | 23,2 | 8,6 | 403 | 73,0 | 0,680 | 54,7 | 5,3 | 18,1 | 30 | 79 | 65 | 192 | 1,22 |
403 | General Alvarado | 21,2 | 7,8 | 368 | 70,1 | 0,518 | 54,0 | 27,3 | 60,0 | 20 | 74 | 57 | 174 | 1,30 |
404 | Castelli | 23,6 | 8,7 | 345 | 72,3 | 0,622 | 57,2 | 23,2 | 44,2 | 6 | 108 | 64 | 280 | 1,69 |
405 | Azul | 22,1 | 8,2 | 396 | 61,3 | 0,501 | 54,3 | 5,2 | 39,4 | 16 | 77 | 74 | 215 | 1,04 |
406 | Azul | 23,8 | 8,8 | 422 | 74,7 | 0,645 | 56,5 | 5,5 | 26,5 | 19 | 82 | 65 | 203 | 1,26 |
407 | Lobería | 19,1 | 7,1 | 374 | 69,5 | 0,549 | 54,5 | 42,6 | 54,0 | 22 | 86 | 44 | 160 | 1,95 |
408 | Lobería | 22,0 | 8,2 | 385 | 71,6 | 0,625 | 57,0 | 41,3 | 48,0 | 42 | 88 | 64 | 210 | 1,38 |
409 | Lobería | 20,9 | 7,7 | 353 | 65,4 | 0,505 | 53,0 | 23,0 | 60,0 | 6 | 85 | 60 | 207 | 1,42 |
410 | Balcarce | 26,2 | 9,7 | 387 | 72,9 | 0,606 | 57,0 | 38,3 | 44,6 | 44 | 88 | 72 | 233 | 1,22 |
411 | Balcarce | 20,6 | 7,6 | 394 | 62,4 | 0,505 | 53,0 | 8,4 | 60,0 | 6 | 61 | 67 | 160 | 0,91 |
412 | Balcarce | 23,2 | 8,6 | 368 | 72,1 | 0,634 | 54,0 | 43,3 | 54,5 | 19 | 75 | 72 | 194 | 1,04 |
413 | Necochea | 20,5 | 7,6 | 425 | 66,7 | 0,561 | 56,5 | 46,3 | 51,5 | 29 | 97 | 50 | 192 | 1,94 |
414 | Necochea | 21,7 | 8,1 | 361 | 72,7 | 0,570 | 55,0 | 43,2 | 60,0 | 2 | 82 | 63 | 209 | 1,30 |
415 | Necochea | 23,9 | 8,8 | 402 | 67,0 | 0,518 | 56,4 | 6 | 93 | 62 | 232 | 1,50 | ||
416 | Olavarría | 22,0 | 8,2 | 389 | 69,7 | 0,589 | 54,0 | 50,4 | 60,0 | 6 | 80 | 74 | 221 | 1,08 |
500 | Benito Juárez | 26,6 | 8,7 | 294 | 71,2 | 0,608 | 58,8 | 10,4 | 19,0 | 31 | 102 | 70 | 266 | 1,46 |
501 | Benito Juárez | 25,3 | 8,3 | 326 | 69,3 | 0,616 | 63,1 | 14,0 | 21,4 | 24 | 155 | 42 | 276 | 3,69 |
502 | General Lamadrid | 26,5 | 8,8 | 327 | 76,2 | 0,587 | 59,6 | 12,9 | 25,8 | 25 | 104 | 66 | 274 | 1,58 |
503 | General Lamadrid | 24,4 | 8,3 | 423 | 69,3 | 0,573 | 64,0 | 13,9 | 27,0 | 13 | 140 | 42 | 248 | 3,33 |
504 | General Lamadrid | 22,9 | 7,8 | 431 | 72,4 | 0,556 | 55,8 | 14,4 | 27,7 | 17 | 106 | 60 | 255 | 1,77 |
505 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 25,1 | 8,3 | 390 | 74,6 | 0,681 | 56,6 | 11,0 | 16,9 | 33 | 90 | 64 | 214 | 1,41 |
506 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 23,3 | 7,8 | 444 | 70,6 | 0,633 | 58,5 | 8,3 | 20,0 | 21 | 112 | 48 | 215 | 2,33 |
507 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 25,8 | 8,6 | 418 | 74,8 | 0,637 | 55,9 | 10,0 | 24,5 | 19 | 87 | 76 | 239 | 1,14 |
508 | Laprida | 24,6 | 8,2 | 415 | 72,0 | 0,566 | 58,5 | 10,2 | 24,8 | 20 | 110 | 58 | 248 | 1,90 |
509 | San Cayetano | 23,5 | 8,0 | 399 | 69,7 | 0,549 | 60,4 | 38,8 | 40,4 | 45 | 126 | 33 | 186 | 3,82 |
510 | San Cayetano | 26,8 | 9,0 | 435 | 74,7 | 0,584 | 57,6 | 15,0 | 38,8 | 16 | 91 | 88 | 270 | 1,03 |
511 | Tandil | 25,7 | 8,7 | 348 | 75,1 | 0,448 | 57,2 | 10,2 | 23,5 | 20 | 98 | 67 | 253 | 1,46 |
512 | Tandil | 25,3 | 8,4 | 328 | 72,1 | 0,564 | 57,3 | 11,3 | 20,5 | 32 | 94 | 58 | 224 | 1,62 |
513 | Tandil | 23,9 | 8,0 | 398 | 71,0 | 0,538 | 61,7 | 10,5 | 19,1 | 24 | 139 | 46 | 259 | 3,02 |
514 | Tres Arroyos | 25,5 | 8,3 | 389 | 73,0 | 0,609 | 57,2 | 9,6 | 20,0 | 29 | 98 | 73 | 261 | 1,34 |
515 | Tres Arroyos | 24,9 | 8,4 | 352 | 73,2 | 0,568 | 59,9 | 10,2 | 21,8 | 21 | 124 | 46 | 235 | 2,70 |
516 | Tres Arroyos | 23,9 | 8,0 | 438 | 73,7 | 0,565 | 54,0 | 20,2 | 39,6 | 8 | 97 | 56 | 212 | 1,73 |
517 | Tres Arroyos | 27,7 | 9,3 | 414 | 72,7 | 0,624 | 63,5 | 9,2 | 18,1 | 29 | 120 | 54 | 248 | 2,22 |
518 | Tres Arroyos | 21,5 | 7,3 | 483 | 76,4 | 0,570 | 53,4 | 11,1 | 19,3 | 29 | 71 | 92 | 225 | 0,77 |
519 | Tres Arroyos | 25,1 | 8,5 | 435 | 69,8 | 0,516 | 54,7 | 11,9 | 28,8 | 12 | 110 | 62 | 272 | 1,77 |
520 | Tres Arroyos | 28,6 | 9,4 | 434 | 75,3 | 0,672 | 59,0 | 36,0 | 38,2 | 42 | 113 | 51 | 237 | 2,22 |
521 | Tandil | 22,1 | 7,4 | 448 | 75,7 | 0,547 | 57,4 | 13,5 | 31,6 | 18 | 100 | 53 | 203 | 1,89 |